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In the 1870s the city’s barons developed a way to use oil as fuel for transportation. Baku became a boom town, thanks in no small part to the efforts of the Nobels – a Swedish family of arms manufacturers and dynamite inventors whose role in the destruction of the planet has perhaps gone underappreciated. Having ventured down the Volga in search of ammunition supplies for his brother’s factory, Robert Nobel arrived in Baku just in time for the oil rush. Within decades their new company, Branobel, had opened five hundred wells. Their twelve thousand employees lived in a workers’ colony called Villa Petrolea. The Nobels were responsible for building the world’s first oil pipeline and first ocean-going oil tanker. They called the ship Zoroaster, and its successors Buddha and Brahma – cosmic kings for the age of oil. Beyond magnates like the Nobels, the Rothschilds and Royal Dutch Shell, Baku attracted labourers and political agitators from around Europe and the Middle East: Young Turks, Muslim social democrats and Russian communists. One of the leaders of a 1904 strike by the oil workers was a young Josef Stalin.
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Lorenzo R v R
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