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OUPblog » Blog Archive » Real ‘spunk’ - http://blog.oup.com/2012...
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"There was no word spunk in Swedish until Pippi coined it (an event recently celebrated in this blog), but in English it has existed since at least the sixteenth century. It is surrounded by a host of equally obscure look-alikes (that is, obscure from the etymological perspective). To deal with them, I should remind our readers that English, like all the other Indo-European languages, is full of words in which initial s- looks like a gratuitous addition. It pretends to be a prefix but carries no meaning; it does not even make words more expressive. It appears and disappears at will, and no one knows its origin. Linguists call this enigmatic prop s mobile “movable s.” Therefore, when one deals with a suspicious item like spunk, the question arises: “Can it be related to punk?” And if punk has something to do with spunk, where do funk and fungus come in? Etymologists flounder in this net of homonyms and near synonyms, and, as we will see, did not succeed in extricating themselves." - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
"First of all, let us examine all the senses of the words to be discussed below. Spunk means “spark” and “touchwood.” Touchwood is what becomes of wood when certain fungi convert it into a soft mass; once ignited, it can burn for hours like tinder. Touchwood is defined in dictionaries by means of its synonym tinder. “Spark” and “flammable substance” are compatible senses. Spunk “spirit, mettle” can be understood as a figurative extension of “tinder.” The slang sense “semen” (“not in delicate use,” as the OED said about such things in the past) is an obvious extension of “sprit, virility,” though one can say, “You are a spunk,” without overt sexual connotations (the verb to spunk is more explicit)." - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
The crayola-fication of the world: How we gave colors names, and it messed with our brains (part II) | Empirical Zeal - http://www.empiricalzeal.com/2012...
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"Lately, I’ve got colors on the brain. In part I of this post I talked about the common roads that different cultures travel down as they name the colors in their world. And I came across the idea that color names are, in some sense, culturally universal. The way that languages carve up the visual spectrum isn’t arbitrary. Different cultures with independent histories often end up with the same colors in their vocabulary. Of course, the word that they use for red might be quite different – red, rouge, laal, whatever. Yet the concept of redness, that vivid region of the visual spectrum that we associate with fire, strawberries, blood or ketchup, is something that most cultures share." - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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Ama yine de bence kırmızı renk tüm kültürlerde birinci sırada genel algıda ve beğenide daima best olan a collor maitani - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Inky Fool - http://blog.inkyfool.com/
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Here's an interview with me discussing my brand new book. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.thebookseller.... ; title="http://www.thebookseller.... ; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
discovered via Countdown :-) - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Dienekes’ Anthropology Blog: The Bronze Age Indo-European invasion of Europe - http://dienekes.blogspot.de/2012...
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&quot;Last summer, I was eagerly awaiting the publication of the genome of the Tyrolean Iceman. It is quite remarkable that only a year later, there is now autosomal DNA from half a dozen prehistoric Europeans. By comparing their DNA to that of modern populations, we are beginning to understand how the current mosaic of European peoples was formed.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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<a href="#Indo_European</a>" target="_blank">http://friendfeed.com/sea... ; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Lunch: An Urban Invention - http://www.ediblegeography.com/lunch-a...
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&quot;Lunch may be the second meal of the day today, but it was the last of the three daily meals to rise above its snack origins to achieve that status.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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&quot;And it wasn’t until later still — around 1850 — that lunch became a regular fixture between breakfast and dinner, added Rebecca Federman, the exhibition’s co-curator, Culinary Collections Librarian at the NYPL, author of Cooked Books, and a star panelist at Foodprint NYC.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Studies in Mycenaean Inscriptions and Dialect - https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle...
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&quot;Studies in Mycenaean Inscriptions and Dialects (SMID) contains glossaries of individual Mycenaean terms, tablet and series citations, and subject indices all linked to bibliographical references. As a reference tool, SMID is both complex and comprehensive, with indices of linguistic, archaeological, historical, religious, and cultural topics, as well as individual words and phrases in the tablets.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)

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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Q&A with Geoffrey Nunberg, a linguist at Berkeley: Words as data | The Economist - http://www.economist.com/blogs...
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&quot;WORDS don't fly individually—they fly in flocks,&quot; says Geoffrey Nunberg of the University of California Berkeley's School of Information in an on-stage interview with Jeff Hammerbacher, a big-data engineer and the co-founder of Cloudera, during The Economist's Ideas Economy: Information 2012 conference on June 5th in San Francisco (full video above).&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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&quot;Mr Nunberg is able to spot such changes by using big data techniques like Google's Ngram viewer to analyse the word usage and track how language evolves. As our world view changes, says Mr Nunberg, &quot;a whole new vocabulary emerges.&quot;&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
RSA Animate - Language as a Window into Human Nature - YouTube - http://www.youtube.com/watch...
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&quot;In this new RSAnimate Steven Pinker shows us how the mind turns the finite building blocks of language into infinite meanings. Taken from the RSA's free public events programme www.thersa.org/events&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
Found on 3quarksdaily <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.3quarksdaily.c... ; title="http://www.3quarksdaily.c... ; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Etymologically Speaking - http://www.westegg.com/etymolo...
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&quot;What follows is list of some curious word origins. Some of these are English, but some are French and German words from which we get some English words.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)

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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Vanishing Languages - Pictures, More From National Geographic Magazine - http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012...
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&quot;One language dies every 14 days. By the next century nearly half of the roughly 7,000 languages spoken on Earth will likely disappear, as communities abandon native tongues in favor of English, Mandarin, or Spanish. What is lost when a language goes silent?&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)

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friendfeed imported Linguistics
We Got Merge: Noam Chomsky on the Cognitive Function that Made Language Evolve | Brain Pickings - http://www.brainpickings.org/index...
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&quot;It looks as if — given the time involved — there was a sudden ‘great leap forward.’ Some small genetic modification somehow that rewired the brain slightly [and] made this human capacity available. And with it came an entire range of creative options that are available to humans within a theory of mind — a second-order theory of mind, so you know that somebody is trying to make you think what somebody else wants you to think.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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wondering how Chomsky makes his Merge notion precise -- cf. Cavalli-Sforza congruence between phenogram of allele-frequency distances between human populations and the tree of world languages. Combinatorial forces are really powerful! - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Re-Mapping Languages of the Caucasus « Cartography « GeoCurrents - http://geocurrents.info/place...
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&quot;Earlier this year, GeoCurrents ran a series of posts on the Caucasus. As part of that project, we set out to map the ethno-linguistic mosaic of the region, in collaboration with Stanford cartographer Jake Coolidge. It quickly became clear to us that while many ethnic groups are defined by language, in some cases ethnic and linguistic affiliations do not coincide: for example, Jews speak different languages, depending on where they live, and most Greeks in the Caucasus—to the extent that these communities still exist—speak Urum (a Turkic language) rather than Greek (an Indo-European language). We therefore decided to focus on mapping the diverse languages of the region, a task that proved more complicated than we had expected.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
&quot;Drawing on previously available ethnic and linguistic maps, supplemented by demographic data from other sources, we were able to create two linguistic maps: one representing the whole Caucasus area and the other zooming in on the particularly linguistically diverse region of Dagestan. Our first task was an accurate representation of the spatial distribution of various groups, unlike what is found in previously available maps, which often over-represent or under-represent the extent of linguistic groups. We have used the most recent census data available to capture the wholesale migrations, episodes of ethnic cleansing, and population exchanges that have changed the situation on the ground. Careful mapping of smaller linguistic groups, especially in Dagestan, has proved particularly instructive, as it allowed us to represent visually the correlation of language and topography, something that has not been done before. Having Jake Coolidge on board for this project was especially valuable, as he has employed modern cartography techniques to overlay the linguistic map on a detailed topographic representation. Finally, a careful use of the color scheme allowed us to demonstrate the family relatedness of the various languages spoken in this region, known justifiably as “the mountain of tongues”.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
DCblog: On language in Dickens 2: characters - http://david-crystal.blogspot.de/2012...
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&quot;The second theme of my talk at this year’s Hay Festival was the way Dickens often uses linguistic features as a means of character description, or refers to language in the narrative. The examples below are in some cases adapted from the novels, to suit the dialogue style used in the talk (there were two of us on stage: myself and Hilary Crystal).&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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&quot;In Bleak House, Sir Leicester Dedlock: His voice was rich and mellow; and he had so long been thoroughly persuaded of the weight and import to mankind of any word he said, that his words really had come to sound as if there were something in them.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
BBC News - Your unusual town names - http://www.bbc.co.uk/news...
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&quot;The towns Dull in Perthshire, UK and Boring in Oregon, US recently paired up in a drive to improve tourism. In response the Magazine asked people for their pictures and recollections of unusually named towns. Here is a selection.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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I love it ... :-) British people have great sense of humor!! - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
DCblog: On first recorded usages in Dickens - http://david-crystal.blogspot.de/2012...
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&quot;A correspondent writes, having heard my talk on the language of Dickens at this week’s Hay Festival, to ask if it is to be published. No. My Hay talks – I’ve been doing them for about fifteen years now - are always very informal, and they don’t ‘translate’ well into published prose. (Hay does sometimes make recordings of events available in their Archive .) But a blog post is the perfect medium to enable the data of the talk to be made available, so this and the subsequent two posts will do just that.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
&quot;For my first theme, I talked about the lexical items which have their first recorded use in Dickens, as established by the OED. I wasn’t sure what to expect, when I began my search. I thought perhaps 50 or so. In fact, there are an amazing 252. I presented a small sample in the talk, but here is the complete list. They are a mixture of genuine Dickensian linguistic creations and items which reflect the world in which he lived, and the language he heard in the streets around him, and where he is simply the first person we know to have written them down. Of course, it’s always possible that further lexicological survey will find earlier instances, but this is how things stand at the moment. I’ve given them a very rough-and-ready classification, and paraphrased the entries as they appear in the OED, giving glosses for the less transparent items. The dates and locators are as used by the OED. I haven’t checked the examples for typographical accuracy, so there may be the occasional transcriptional error.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Historical Sources on Decipherment of Several Writing Systems - http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/content...
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&quot;ECHO aims to develop an open-access infrastructure for making resources publicly available online with little effort and in a way that guarantees the interoperability with other contents and tools, thus creating an added value for every user. What is needed: an infrastructure that makes scientific contributions as rapidly and effectively available as possible, an infrastructure using the potential of the Internet to constitute a global and interactive representation of human knowledge, an infrastructure that guarantees worldwide open access, an infrastructure that enable users to pursue their specific interests while contributing, at the same time, to a shared body of digitally represented knowledge, an infrastructure that integrates self-accelerating dynamics, an infrastructure that offers interoperability, modularity, and interactivity. The ECHO infrastructure aims to implement a self-organizing mechanism of the Web and will improve the hypertext linking of the Web and hence increase its transparency. Such a future Web of Culture and Science should be characterized by significantly enhenced longevity, interactivity, and transparency.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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Layard, Austen Henry, The monuments of Nineveh : from drawings made on the spot ; together with: a second series of the monuments of Nineveh ; including bas-reliefs from the Palace of Sannacherib and bronzes from the ruins of Nimroud ; from drawings made on the spot during a second expedition to Assyria; Vol. 1 , 1849 <a rel="nofollow" href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.... ; title="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.... ; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Using Words Not Found in the Dictionary - NYTimes.com - http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012...
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&quot;There are lots of ways that writers use dictionaries, from the expected (checking spelling) to the unconventional (bibliomancy) to the ill advised (starting an article with some variation of the hackneyed “As my trusty desk dictionary tells me, term X is defined as …”). But perhaps the primary use of dictionaries by writers is as a malapropism preventer, in order to avoid what should be called the “The Princess Bride” problem: “You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means.”&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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<a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.sciencemag.org... ; title="http://www.sciencemag.org... ; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Anatolian Databases - http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people...
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&quot;Cuneiform Luvian Corpus Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon Lycian Corpus Lydian Corpus&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)

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Loebolus - http://ryanfb.github.com/loebolu...
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&quot;Loebolus is based on Edwin Donnelly's “Downloebables” , aiming to make all the public domain Loebs more easily downloadable by re-hosting the PDF's directly, without the need to enter CAPTCHA's.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
&quot;You can also download a .zip containing all 245 PDF's (3.2GB). Or view the code used for generating this site on GitHub.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Steven PINKER :: False Fronts in the Language Wars (2012) . ["Once you understand that prescriptive rules are conventions, most of the iptivist controversies evaporate."] - http://www.slate.com/article...
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&quot;PRESCRIPTIVISTS believe that certain usages are inherently correct and others inherently incorrect, and that to promote correct forms is to uphold truth, morality, and excellence. Rules lubricate comprehension, reduce misunderstanding, provide a stable platform for the development of style and grace. To indulge incorrect ones is to encourage relativism, vulgar populism, and the dumbing down of literate culture. DESCRIPTIVISTS believe that norms of correctness are arbitrary shibboleths of the ruling class, designed to keep the masses in their place. Language is an organic product of human creativity, and the people should be given the freedom to write however they please. The thoughtful, NONDICHOTOMOUS position on language depends on a simple insight: Rules of proper usage are tacit conventions. Conventions are unstated agreements within a community to abide by a single way of doing things -- not because there is any inherent advantage to the choice, but because there is an advantage to everyone making the same choice.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
This of course barely scratches the surface of Wittgenstein's notion that language is a game. If we continue on the path of &quot;rules as conventions&quot; -- we could conclude that language understandable by only a single individual is incoherent. Bataille's lemma is that the all interior experiences (qualia) must be communicable. - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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The traditional distribution area of Western Upper German (=Alemannic) dialect features in the 19th and 20th century - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki...
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The traditional distribution area of the western upper german (=alemannic) dialects in the 19th and 20th century. Source: Mainly these articles in the german wikipedia: * Alemannische Dialekte * Grenzorte des alemannischen Dialektraums * Traditionell rätoromanischsprachiges Gebiet Graubündens and * Sprachen und Dialekte in der Region Elsass, plus the (younger) literature, which is mentioned there. This area, having been quite stable for at least some 300 years up to the 19th century, saw consecutively more or less strong changes by industrialisation, population growth, migrations and political developments. - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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My undergraduate degree was essentially in Historical Germanic Linguistics, particularly Middle Low German, Old Saxon, and Middle Dutch. Naturally, my favourite dialect is Platt. I was so happy to live and study north of the ik/ich liene. - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Chasing Voices « Glossographia - http://glossographia.wordpress.com/2012...
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&quot;Check out this fascinating trailer for a forthcoming documentary: Chasing Voices: The Story of John Peabody Harrington. Harrington was one of the most enigmatic and interesting anthropological linguists of the 20th century and a recorder of data on hundreds of California languages. Obviously most of us don’t do work quite like this anymore, collecting and documenting virtually for its own sake, but you can’t possibly dismiss its value. I will be interested to see how much his ex-wife, the anthropologist Carobeth Laird, whose memoir Encounter with an Angry God (1975) recounts much about their troubled marriage and Harrington’s own troubled personality, features in this new film. I know of Harrington’s work most directly not through his work on California, but from his ethnographic comments on modern Maya numeration (Harrington 1957), published late in his life. Martha Macri at UC Davis is the PI of an NSF-funded project on his life and work.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)

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friendfeed imported Linguistics
The Story of Symbols ~ Kuriositas - http://www.kuriositas.com/2012...
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&quot;We use them every day – but what are the mysterious origins of these symbols we take for granted?&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
? - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Categories for kinship vary between languages - http://www.sciencedaily.com/release...
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&quot;ScienceDaily (May 24, 2012) — Different languages refer to family relationships in different ways. For example, English speakers use two terms -- grandmother and grandfather -- to refer to grandparents, while Mandarin Chinese uses four terms. Many possible kinship categories, however, are never observed, which raises the question of why some kinship categories appear in the languages of the world but others do not.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
&quot;A new study published in Science by Carnegie Mellon University's Charles Kemp and the University of California at Berkeley's Terry Regier shows that kinship categories across languages reflect general principles of communication. The same principles can potentially be applied to other kinds of categories, such as colors and spatial relationships. Ultimately, then, the work may lead to a general theory of how different languages carve the world up into categories.&quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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friendfeed imported Linguistics
Linguistic Relativity: If language influences thinking, what is the "best" language to complement English? | Quora http://www.quora.com/Linguis...
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&quot;*Chinese* (Mandarin or Cantonese): Studies have found that doing math is more intuitive in Chinese than English for a variety of reasons. Firstly, counting in English is not intuitive. After the numbers 1-10, we have new names like &quot;eleven&quot; and &quot;twelve&quot;, etc. In Chinese, eleven is literally ten-one (twenty is two ten and so on). Young children can count up to one hundred in Chinese much more quickly than can English speaking children&quot;. (...) // *Pormpuraaw* (aboriginal Australian): This language does not have equivalent terms for &quot;left&quot; and &quot;right&quot; so they rely on cardinal directions (i.e., east, west, etc) instead. Thus, no more confusing directions if you're a speaker of Pormpuraaw. (...) // *French* is the greatest source of words, advanced structures and cultural development in to English. French is a favorite with English majors. If you want to write better English learning French is good. *German* is the language most like the root of English. If you want to more solidly grasp the grammar and core words of English, say for linguistics or history. (...) German has some very deep concepts and distinctions, and seems well-designed for argumentation. (...) &quot; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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See also: The Paradox of the Alphabetic Literacy Narrative <a rel="nofollow" href="http://ff.im/AmBkV"&... ; Life without language. Greg Downey on language, thought and time <a rel="nofollow" href="http://neuroanthropology.... ; title="http://neuroanthropology.... ; - friendfeed from FriendFeed - - (Edit | Remove)
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